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    • 专利摘要:
    Horizontal rotary device for concentrating solar radiation. Originally flat mirror modules are used, which are deformed by the mechanical actions of the existing clamps at at least four points on the edges of the mirror module, making the intensity of the radiation concentrated on the focal line moderately high. The invention includes the specifications on the bending moments applicable to each series of mirror modules, and also gives an account of how the distances and angles that define the assembly have to be dimensioned. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2578804A1
    申请号:ES201630836
    申请日:2016-06-21
    公开日:2016-08-01
    发明作者:José María Martínez-Val Peñalosa；Javier Muñoz Antón；Rubén Abbas Cámara；Mireia Piera Carreté；Antonio J. Rovira De Antonio；María José Montes Pita
    申请人:Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia UNED；Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    SOLAR RADIATION HORIZONTAL ROTARY DEVICE FOR CONCENTRATION

    DESCRIPTION
     5
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The invention falls within the field of solar power plants that require concentration of direct solar radiation that is reflected by a series of mirrors, and particularly presents a specific and optimized particularization of the location, shape and fastening of the mirrors, relative to the invention presented in patent 10 ES2537607 B2, of the same applicant and inventors, and of the same title.

    This particular invention specifically deals with how to mount the various mirrors of parallel axes that make up said prior patent, so that the assembly is rigorously specified, and produces the desired radiation focus on an elongated focal volume, with its parallel main axis. to the axes of the mirrors, being able to put in said focal volume different types of receivers, both solar thermal and photovoltaic, or mixed.

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 20
    The essential background of the invention is patent ES2537607 B2, already cited. The background of this is the same as those presented in the previous one, and it is possible to cite several documents of the applicants themselves, such as patents ES2346629, ES2345759, ES2345427 and ES2396078, which have different configurations to take advantage of the effect of optical reflection in order to make influence high intensity radiation on a receiver.

    On the other hand, the invention relates to the systems of concentration of the solar radiation of rotary type, generally applied to the configurations of mirrors with two axes of rotation perpendicular to each other, as is the case of the mirrors 30 paraboloid of revolution, of which is an example in WO 2005/124245 A2. Closer to the topic at hand are the documents that publish devices in which what revolves is a platform with a Fresnel mount or an independent parabolic mirror assembly, with its own focal line, but parallel to each other. Such is the case of WO 2002/097341 A1, WO 2007/109901 A1, WO 2009/121174 A1.

    All of them, and especially the latter, are about assemblies in which the platform rotates in azimuthal direction and also rotates the set of tilting mirrors, 5 to follow the solar path more accurately. The parabolic discs of revolution also rotate in two axes, one for the azimuthal turn and the other for the ascending turn, and there are numerous precedents for those assemblies.

    In the invention presented here, the device only rotates in an azimuthal direction, such that the sun is always in the same virtual plane as the symmetry plane of the device, in which the focal line is also contained.


    TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED 15
    The objective is to minimize the high precision movements required for solar tracking, without losing an appreciable amount of reflected radiation. It is also a very simple but precise assembly of a set of originally flat mirrors, which are deformed to configure them with the appropriate profile in their straight section, in order to concentrate the solar radiation on an elongated receiver, of linear configuration, and that transversely has a conformation adjusted to the intensity of the radiation at each point of incidence.

    The technical problem to be solved with this invention is to determine the specifications that this device must have, both geometric and material resistance, 25 to produce the convenient radiation concentration performance. The devices for combating the mirrors according to the specifications given here may be various, and in any case the subject of other invention requests.

    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION 30
    The invention is explained by indicating on a virtual plane of geometric definition, perpendicular to the focal line, the relative position of the elements that make up the invention with respect to the cut-off point of said focal line with said virtual plane, the elements of the invention being a set of mirror strips made of a succession of mirror mosaics arranged in a longitudinal direction, which remain integral with respect to the rotating platform because each mosaic is held firmly in position by at least four legs in solidarity with the platform, and that at in turn, they hold the mirror in the position and shape specified for each mirror thanks to the anchoring of the mirror frame for each leg, being the frame of any material and configuration that meets the specifications of the mirror in question, which are defined by the prescription of the coordinates of the mirror traces, these traces being the trid body cut immensional of each strip of mirrors with the virtual plane of geometric definition, already said, and there is another geometric element 10 of the invention, for each mirror, which are the lines of vision, one for each strip of mirrors, the line of sight being the line that joins, in the virtual plane of geometric definition, the midpoint of the trace of the mirror with the cut-off point of the focal line with said plane, also called the focal point; the invention consisting in arranging the mirrors in strips parallel to the plane of symmetry where the central point of the image of the solar disk and the focal line are contained, the mirrors being subject to the structure that is also subject to the longitudinally arranged physical elements in the immediate vicinity or around the focal line, as receivers of concentrated solar radiation, each mirror trace being defined with respect to the focal point by its central point, between both points being a distance that is the focal distance, and a defined line that joins both points and is the line of the visual of the mirror, that in the central point of the trace of the mirror forms an angle, called visual angle, with the vertical line at that point; the line normal to the mirror remaining at said central point as a bisector of said visual angle, the center of curvature remaining in said normal line, which is the center 25 of the circumference to which the circular arc that is the trace of the mirror belongs, and said center of curvature being at a distance from the center point of the mirror trace that is equal to the radius of curvature of the mirror in question, the radius of curvature being twice the focal length divided by the cosine of the half angle of the visual angle; and the thickness of the mirror glass being equal to double the radius of 30 curvature of the mirror at its midpoint, divided by a safety factor, called q, this safety factor being the quotient between the modulus of elasticity of the mirror glass and the maximum mechanical stress that is tolerated in deformed glass.
    The width of the mirror, transverse to the plane of symmetry, which corresponds to the length of the circular arc of its trace, is equal to the square root of a fraction that has as a numerator double the product of the modulus of elasticity of the glass by its thickness; and by denominator the product of three factors that are, first, the specific weight of the glass; second, the value of the safety factor, called q; and third, a parameter that is the ratio between the maximum bending moment of the case with the specified deformation and the maximum absolute value of the bending moment of the case of recessed supports with the weight itself as the only load.

    The tangent at the midpoint of the trace of a mirror has a positive slope, 10 with respect to the horizontal, when the mirror is to the right of the plane of symmetry, which is equal to the tangent of the angle half of the angle of visual of the mirror ; said negative slope being, but of the same absolute value, when the mirror is on the left side.
     fifteen
    The invention also applies to mirrors in which the transparent physical substrate is not glass, but plastic or other material.

    EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1 corresponds to a straight cross-sectional elevation of the device in which the platform supporting the beams supporting the mirrors can be seen, also exposing the receiver support scheme.

    Figure 2 represents a plan view of the symmetrical set of mirrors, on two raceways, plus the central line of symmetry, on which the receiver is. 25

    Figure 3 represents the incidence and reflection of three sun rays on the central point and the extreme points of the mirror, the rays affecting vertically (in the projection on the definition plane) as they are parallel to the plane of symmetry.
     30
    Figure 4 represents the same device as in Figure 3, but rotating it in such a way that the normal line to the mirror is vertical in its midpoint.

    Figure 5 corresponds to an enlargement of the 3, in the confluence zone of the reflected rays, which is where the focal point is located (cut of the focal line with the 5 definition plane).

    Figure 6 shows the device in which the case of a generic ray is exposed.

    Figure 7 is an enlargement of 6, including an additional beam. 10

    Figure 8 is an enlargement of 7 in the area of the focal point.

    In order to facilitate the understanding of the figures of the invention, and of their embodiments, the relevant elements of the invention are listed below:
    1. Virtual vertical axis of device rotation
    2. Focal line of device mirrors
    3. Radiation receiver container
    4. Connections of heating fluid between the receiver and the outside of the device, in the case of thermal applications 20
    5. Connections between the receiver and the outside of the device, in the case of photovoltaic applications
    6. Inside raceway
    7. External raceway
    8. Inner wheel train wheel 25
    9. Outside wheel train wheel
    10. Platform support on the inner wheel train
    11. Platform support on the outer wheel train
    12. Serrated circular crown
    13. Electric motor that rotates the crown motion attack pinion 12
    14. Pinion of attack on the crown 12
    15. Turntable 5
    16. Support structure of the mirror stripes
    17. Lines or strips of fixed mirrors on the platform
    18. Rotary joint joint between the rotating tube in solidarity with the platform, and the one that is fixed in the ground
    19. Electrical connection between the inside of the device and the external network 10
    20. Receiver support scales
    21. Beam path reflected at the end of the first strip of mirrors
    22. Land and foundation of conditioning
    23. Central diametral line, which is in turn the axis of symmetry,
    All these previous elements have been introduced to complete the information and make it more understandable, although they are not part of the invention, except for the mirrors (17) on which and on their positions the specifications of the invention are made.

    In addition to the elements numbered above, the description of the invention 20 requires straight numbering, which is done with labels beginning with R, followed by a number; and also of points, identified with P followed by number; as well as angles that begin with A.
    R1. Normal line to the tangent at the center point of the mirror.
    R2. Straight from the center of curvature of the mirror to its outermost point, 25 further from the plane of symmetry.
    R3 Straight from the center of curvature of the mirror to its inner end point, closer to the plane of symmetry.
    R4 Sunray incident at the midpoint of the mirror.
    R5 Sunray incident at the outer end of the mirror.
    R6 Sunray incident at the inner end of the mirror.
    R7 Ray reflected from the midpoint of the mirror.
    R8. Lightning reflected from the outer end of the mirror.
    R9. Lightning reflected from the inner end of the mirror. 5
    R10. Tangent to the mirror at its center point.
    R10b Parallel to R10 at a point near the focal area.
    R11 Normal to R7 from point P7, defined below.
    R12 Generic radius incident at one point of the mirror (P8), with angular aperture A8 from the midpoint of the mirror. 10
    R13 Lightning incident at point P8.
    R14. Lightning reflected from P8.
    R15 Lightning reflected from a point in the semi-interior space of the mirror.
    P1. Center point of the mirror trace in the definition plane.
    P2 Center of the circle to which the circle arc of the mirror belongs. fifteen
    P3 Outside end of the mirror.
    P4 Inner end of the mirror.
    P5 Cut-off point between R7 and R8 rays
    P6 Cut-off point between R7 and R9 rays
    P7 Cut-off point between R8 and R9 rays 20
    P8 Generic point in the mirror 17
    P9. Focal point (cut of the focal line with the drawing plane).
    P10 Cut-off point of lines R7 and R14, which is practically coincident with P9.
    A1. Angle formed between lines R1 and R4, at point P1. 25
    A2. Angle formed between lines R2 and R5, at point P3.
    A3. Angle formed between lines R3 and R6, at point P4.
    A4. Angle formed between lines R1 and R2, at point P2.
    TO 5. Angle formed between lines R7 and R4, at point P1.
    A6 Angle formed between lines R8 and R5, at point P3.
    A7 Angle formed between lines R9 and R6, at point P4.
    A8 Angle formed between lines R1 and R12, at point P2. 5

    As an explanatory complement, it should be noted that these angles must be expressed in radians, and that the usual trigonometric functions will be applied, using as an abbreviation SEN for the sine function, COS for the cosine, and TAN for the tangent. 10

    The complementary angle to a given one will also be used, with denomination AN, where N is a number, and denominating its complementary angle ACN. Likewise, the DNA identification will be used to designate the double angle of the AN.
     fifteen
    In addition, the coordinates of a point represented by PN (where N is a number) will be identified by XN and YN.

    PREFERRED MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    To realize the invention, it is necessary to have a rotating platform on which to install the set of longitudinal mirrors, symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry (which is the vertical plane that contains the central line of symmetry (23)) in which find the focal line (or very close to it).

    In order to give precisely the materialization requirements of the invention, it is necessary first a certain geometric analysis and resistance of materials, starting by identifying the mechanical stresses that have to be applied to the modules of the mirror strips (17) so that they acquire a profile very close to an arc of circumference.
     30
    In a second step, the properties of said arcs will be evidenced for the concentration of the radiation, and with that analytical basis the invention will be presented consisting of defining the constructive elements to obtain an appreciable and bounded volume around the focal line.
     5
    To specify the measurements and the solicitations we will take as a subject of the analysis a glass plate of moment of inertia of the straight section I (m4) and of weight per unit of length, W (N / m), of the unsupported dimension but in the extremes Assuming the embedded ends, the maximum arrow F will be
    F = W · L4 / (384 · E · I) 10
    L being the length between supports and E the Young's modulus, which for a typical glass is typically worth 70 GPa (1GPa = 109 N / m2). The specific weight of the glass is approximately 27 kN / m3, so that its linear weight is 27 · a · b kN / m, b being the value of the module length, and its thickness (exclusively of glass), although they could use other materials for tissue substrate, such as methacrylate or polycarbonates; but the preferred mode for the execution of the invention is with glass, with flat mirrors, of width L, and combined by the contour conditions applied to its ends.

    In order to describe the magnitudes of resistance and deformation of the glass plate, the transverse length in the sense of the width of the plate or plate will be used as an abscissa, calling L to its total width (between supports).

    To denote the abscissa we will use, as a convenience, three denominations, according to where the origin is taken and according to whether or not such variable is normalized, with respect to the width L. 25 We will use x to denote the width across the plate width, which will be equal to 0 on the far left, and will be x = L on the right.

    If it is normalized to the width L, we will use the letter z as abscissa, related to x by the following equation: 30
    z = x / L
    Valuing z = 0 for the left end, and z = 1 for the right. And we will use the name r for the symmetric normalized abscissa, originating in the center of the mirror, so its value ranges from -1/2 to +1/2, according to the equation:
    r = (x / L) - ½
    The equation of the trace of a mirror y (x) of width L, embedded at its ends, 5 deformed only by its own weight, which per unit length is W (N / m), is
    y (r) = - (W · L4) · (r + 1/2) 2 · (r-1/2) 2 / (24 · E · I)
    that is defined between r = -1/2 and r = +1/2, and that it takes negative values because the deformed mirror is below its initial, virtual horizontal trace line, as it would be the shape that it would have by neglecting its own weight. This gives an arrow of its own weight, 10 Fw
    Fw = (W · L4) / (384 · E · I)
    and the moment of inertia I, of the straight section, is
    I = b · a3 / 12
    where a is the thickness and W is the weight of the mirror per unit of width, b being the length (perpendicular to the width) that 1 m can be taken for practical purposes, but which will not play any role in the definition equations, valid for any value of b.

    The bending moment is maximum in the embedments (in absolute value), 20
    Mwe = - WL2 / 12
    and in the center it is worth
    Mwc = WL2 / 24
    the latter being positive for producing a deformation with the concavity upwards, while at the ends the moments produce concavity downwards 25 (in this case).

    As an example, b = 1m, a = 3mm is chosen, which gives I = (27/12) · 10-9 m4.
    If we call W0 (N / m3) the specific weight of the glass is
    W = W0 · a · b (N / m), 30
    What leads to write
    W / I = W0 · a · b · 12 / (a3 · b) = 12 · W0 / a2
    (with W0 = 27 kN / m3, the above example corresponds to a W / I value of 36 · 109 N / m5; which is commensurable with Young's module, 70 · 109 N / m2)
     5
    This mirror would have a profile in its straight section corresponding to a polynomial of fourth degree, not one of second degree, and the approach would be somewhat irregular, because the bending moment is negative near the edges, and therefore with the concavity towards below, while the bending moment is positive in the center, and therefore the concavity looks upwards, as already indicated. 10

    On the other hand, if the plate's own weight is momentarily neglected, and at its ends a moment is applied as the only contour condition, with bending moments at both ends, Me, equal but in the opposite direction (one levógiro and another dextrógiro) , the corresponding equation of its flexion is a parabola of second order 15, not fourth:
    and (r) = (Me · L2 / 2 · E · I) · (r-1/2) · (r + 1/2)
    Which can be used so that a combination of the deformation by own weight, plus that produced by moments at the end, is very similar to a circular arc.
     twenty
    The resolution of the real case provides all the equations, including the intermediate ones, useful for evaluating the profile found. For this, it is necessary to set the value of the bending moment applied at the ends in relation to the absolute value of the maximum bending moment of the case with only its own weight:
    Me = G · W · L2 / 12 25
    In this last equation the parameter G has been introduced, which is the amplification factor of the bending moment, and it parameterizes the problem, which has to incorporate the effect of the weight itself, which affects the shear stress V (x), which is
    V (x) = W (L / 2 –x) = W · L (1 / 2- z)
    Its integration leads to the bending moment 30
    M (x) = (W / 2) · (Lx- x2 + C1)
    C1 being an integration constant to be determined with boundary conditions. The integration of the bending moment M (x) provides the variation of the slope S (x) of the deformed curve, taking into account that the radius of curvature R (x) responds to
    R (x) = E · I / M (x) 5
    The variation of the slope is
    S (x) = (W / 2 · E · I) (-x3 / 3 + L · x2 / 2 + C1 · x + C2)
    And we apply the boundary conditions of the recessed case with given bending moment to produce a radius of curvature R, whereby the arc A (in radians) with which the half-width L / 2 is seen from the center of the circumference is 10
    A = L / (2R)
    And this arc, in the first approximation coincides with the slope of the deformed curve at the right end, and also, with a negative sign, on the left, so the boundary conditions are
    S (0) = -G · W · L15 3 / (24 · E · I)
    S (L) = G · W · L3 / (24 · E · I)
    From them it follows
    C2 = -GL3 / 12
    C1 = (L2 / 6) (G-1)
    This allows the slope to be integrated to obtain the equation of the deformed curve 20
    y (x) = (W · L4 / 24 · E · I) · (-z4 + 2 · z3 + (G-1) · z2 –G · z + C3)
    where C3 is canceled by being and (0) = 0. As it should be in the elastic field, said deformation is the sum of the two concurrent deformations in the problem, the weight itself and the moment applied at the ends. The latter, applied alone, implies constant bending moment from 0 to L, which means a radius of 25 constant curvature, and therefore a circular arc, which would have the shape (using the linear weight W to reference the applied moment):
    ym (z) = - (G · W · L4 / 24 · E · I) · z · (z-1)
    to which the expression derived from the weight itself is superimposed (added)
    yw (z) = - (W · L4 / 24 · E · I) · z2 · (z-1) 2 30
    where z varies from 0 on the left end to 1, on the right. The disturbance caused by the weight itself is
    yw (z) / ym (z) = z2 · (z-1) 2 / (G · z · (z-1)) = z · (z-1) / G
    The maximum disturbance is given for z = 1/2, and is worth 1 / 4G. If a maximum disturbance of 5% (= 1/20) is accepted, the value of G should be 5. 5

    It is also essential to take into account the disturbance caused on the slope, which if it refers to the case of uniform moment (circular arc) is
    Sm (z) = (G · W · L3 / 24 · E · I) · (2 · z-1)
    While the slope of the self-weight case is 10
    Sw (z) = - (W · L3 / 6 · E · I) · z · (z - 1) · (z -1/2)
    This slope is canceled at both ends (by embedding) and in the center, by symmetry. It has concavity up in the central part, and down in the wings (with inflection points at 0.211 · L of each end).
     fifteen
    In this case it is important to assess the difference that this last expression causes between the normal to the mirror at a point, supposedly circular, and the real normal, said difference being exactly the same as this last value, Sw, which affects the opposite way in the left half and right half. If we are, as in all the figures presented, in a mirror to the right of the plane of symmetry, the 20 incident rays, in the Cartesian system centered on the midpoint of the mirror, will come from the right, and will be reflected in the left wing of the mirror in the direction more to the center, the angle of deviation from the theoretical direction being equal to twice the value of the slope at that point; and symmetrically in the right wing, where they will be diverted to the left. This causes them to converge in the focal area a little earlier than stipulated in pure circular reflection. Before exposing this one and its use to dimension the mirrors, it is possible to make some geometric and resistance of materials, to make an invention realizable.

    The above deviation advises expressing the slope Sw in relation to the radius of 30 theoretical curvature R
    R = 12 · E · I / (G · W · L2)
    Whereby
    Sw (z) = -2 (L / G · R) · z · (z -1) · (z -1/2)
    L / R is the total arc that encompasses the mirror, which is twice the angle A4.
    The maximum value of Sw, in absolute value, appears at 0.211L from each end, and is worth 5
    SwM = 0.00803 (W · L3 / E · I)
    This value is very close to that obtained for z = 1/4, which in absolute value is
    S1 / 4 = 3 · L / (32 · G · R) = 6 · A4 / (32 · G)
    With an A4 value of 3º (sexagesimal degrees) which are 0.0523 radians, 1m of semi-width in round numbers is obtained, for an R of 20m. With a value of G 10 equal to 5, the maximum slope of disturbance is 0.002 radians, so the beam deviation from the ideal path would be 0.004 radians. As the conical opening of sunlight reaching Earth is 0.009 radians, the disturbance caused by this reason is assumable, and does not prevent the realization of the invention. fifteen
    For this, it will be taken into account that the maximum voltage induced by a moment M in the glass, in absolute value is
    T (z) = a · M (z) / (2 · I)
    And with the bending moment equation that we have found before we have, as a minimum value, that of the extremes (provided that G is greater than 1) 20
    M (0) = M (1) = W · L2 · (G-1) / 12
    While the maximum value is reached in the center (z = 1/2)
    MM = WL22 (G + 1/2) / 12
    If the quotient is used as a safety factor
    q = E / TM 25
    where the maximum tension is
    TM = a · W0 · (L / a) 2 · (G + 1/2) / 2
    Since q has to have a chosen value, q0, in principle much higher than 1000, the expression is reached
    W0 · L2 · (G + 1/2) / (2 · a · E) = 1 / q0
    Note that the above also limits, below, the radius of curvature
    Rmin = E · I / MM = E · I · a / (2 · I · TM) = q0 · a / 2
    It also supposes a limitation on the maximum width that a mirror can have, and that obeys 5
    L2 = 2 · E · a / (q0 · W0 · CM)
    where the CM designation has been used to designate the ratio between the maximum bending moment of the case with the specified deformation and the maximum absolute value of the case of recessed supports with the weight itself as the only load; therefore CM = G + 1. 10

    Together with these limitations of the mirror itself, the geometric properties of the reflection in circular arcs must be taken into account, in the general case, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the first one representing the coordinate system of the complete system, and the second the specific system of a mirror. fifteen

    Using this last reference system, the maximum arrow DM, which is equal to the ordinate at any of the mirror's ends, has to be taken as its origin of coordinates its central point (P1) is
    DM = R · (1- COS (A4)) 20
    That for small A4 values, such as those required here, it is equivalent to
    DM = R · (A4) 2/2
    The equation of line R7 reflected from P1 (0,0) by incidence of ray R4 corresponds to
    y = -x / TAN (A1) 25
    The reflection line R8 of the line R5 at point P3 corresponds to
    y - Y3 = - (x –X3) / TAN (A1 + 2 · A4)
    where, using serial development for small arches
    X3 = R · SEN (A4) = R · A4
    Y3 = R (A4) 2/2
    If the position of a generic point of the mirror is characterized by the angle A8 (in figure 6) that form the line R1 that goes from the center of the circle, P2, to the center of the mirror, P1, and the line R12, which goes from P2 to the generic point P8 (X8, Y8), the ray R14 reflected in P8 can be expressed by incidence of the ray R13 by means of 5 equations
    y - Y8 = - (x –X8) / TAN (A1 + 2 · A8)
    X8 = R · A8
    Y8 = R · (A8) 2/2
    reiterating that we are formulating the expressions in the mirror system, with 10 origin of coordinates in P1, the line R1 being the axis of ordinates, and R10 that of abscissa; whereby A8 is taken positive if it is to the right of P1 and as negative if it is to the left.

    It is important to determine the cut-off point P10 (X10, Y10) of the rays 15 reflected from P1 (ray R7) and P8 (ray R14). The abscissa and the ordinate, in the mirror coordinate system, are
    X10 = R · (SEN (A1) + (1-COS (A8)) · TAN (A1 + 2 · A8)) / (1- TAN (A1 + 2 · A8) / TAN (A1))
    Y10 = - X10 / TAN (A1)
    An extension of the preceding calculation serves to identify the cut-off points of the 20 rays reflected from the ends of the mirror with the central reflected ray, R7, as seen in Figure 5, with P5 being the one cut with the ray R8 of the end of the right, and P6 the one with the leftmost ray, R9.

    It is also important to determine the cut-off point, between each other, of the reflected rays 25 from the ends of the mirror, P3 and P4, which are rays R8 and R9. For this, it is convenient to define the angle AC1, which is complementary to A1. The cut-off point P7 has as coordinates
    X7 = -R · SEN (A4) · (TAN (AC1 + 2 · A4) + TAN (AC1-2 · A4)) / DENX7
    where 30
    DENX7 = TAN (AC1 + 2 · A4) - TAN (AC1-2 · A4)
    Y7 = R · (1-COS (A4)) - (TAN (AC1-2 · A4) · (X7-R · SEN (A4)))
    We can define the focal point as the limit point of P7 or P10, when the corresponding opening angle, A4 or A8, tends to 0; and indeed they coincide in point P9, to which points P5 and P6 also tend when the mirror narrows, 5 being the coordinates of P9:
    X9 = -R · SEN (A1) · COS (A1) / 2
    Y9 = R · COS (A1) · COS (A1) / 2
    These coordinates are expressed in the mirror system, but can be passed to the general system in which the vertical line corresponds to the true vertical of the 10th place, which means that the incident solar rays, R4, R5, R6, must appear as vertical also, which means that the entire figure must be rotated an angle A1 counterclockwise, and the center of rotation can be taken at the point deemed appropriate, which may be the center of the mirror, P1, or the focal point P9; In any case, the distance between any two points of the system remains invariant. Calling DF at the focal length, or distance from P1 to P9, is given, by the given coordinates X9 and Y9 originating in P1:
    DF = (X92 + Y92) 1/2 = R · COS (A1) / 2
    When moving to the laboratory system, or fixed, the angle that forms the focal visual, or straight R7, with the vertical is twice the A1, and therefore it can be called AD1, and this is what we have called the visual angle. This means that the difference in abscissa between the focal point and the center of the mirror, XDF, and the difference in ordinates YDF, expressed in the laboratory system, are
    XDF = R · COS (A1) .SEN (AD1) / 2
    YDF = R · COS (A1) .COS (AD1) / 2 25
    Take into account, as shown in Figure 5 and it follows from the laws of reflection, that the angle formed by the line reflected from one end, when it cuts to the line reflected from the center of the mirror (at vertices P5 or P6), is twice the semi-angle of the mirror opening, A4; and the line R11 being perpendicular to the R7 to define P9 when the width of the mirror goes to infinitesimal limit, there is a relationship between the distance P5 to P9 (called D59) and the distance between P7 to P9 (D79) which is
    D59 = D79 / TAN (AD4)
    The distance D79 can be considered the minimum segment that contains the reflected radiation, supposed to be perfectly collimated of origin, which is not true, since it has a beam opening of 0.009 radians, as stated. This distance is logically deduced as 5
    D79 = ((X7-X9) 2 + (Y7-Y9) 2) 1/2
    The following table gives the values corresponding to an example with R = 20, A1 = 0.2618 radians, with A4 being the independent variable of the table. The differences between ordinate and abscissa are given in the laboratory system, in which, the coordinates of the focal point with respect to the central point of the mirror are -4.83 for the abscissa and 8.365 for the ordinate.

    The cited table is
     A4 (degrees)      A4 (rad.) X9 -X7 Y9-Y7 D79 L / D79
     3  0.05236 0.011900 0.021988 0.025002 83.7703
     2.8  0.048869 0.010360 0.019124 0.021750 89.8761
     2.6  0.045379 0.008928 0.016459 0.018724 96.9398
     2.4  0.041888 0.007604 0.013993 0.015926 105.2089
     2.2  0.038397 0.006387 0.011726 0.013353 115.0254
     2  0.034907 0.005278 0.009657 0.011005 126.8758
     1.8  0.031416 0.004275 0.007786 0.008882 141.4775
     1.6  0.027925 0.003379 0.006112 0.006984 159.9370
     1.4  0.024435 0.002589 0.004636 0.005310 184.0609
     1.2  0.020944 0.001905 0.003357 0.003860 217.0286
     one  0.017453 0.001326 0.002276 0.002634 265.0511
     0.8  0.013963 0.000853 0.001391 0.001632 342.2935
     0.6  0.010472 0.000485 0.000703 0.000854 490.4552
     0.4  0.006981 0.000223 0.000211 0.000307 909.5839

    Column D79 reflects the length of the segment between P7 and P9, and the last column 15 (L / D79) represents the width of the corresponding mirror, divided by the length of the focal segment, D79; and as seen, very high values of theoretical concentration for narrow mirrors would be achieved, which however is not valid because the original solar radiation is not perfectly collimated, and affects a conical angle of 0.009 radians, which means that the beam reflected would have at least that opening, to which the one caused by the imperfections of the mirror has to be added. If we apply an aperture of 9 millirads to the focal length, which is 9.66, a beam width in the focal area of 0.087 is obtained; which is much greater than the higher value D79 of the previous table, which means that the circular concentration, for the 15º inclination of the mirror, is almost perfect.
     5
    It should be noted that no dimensional units have been given, since the radius of curvature R, on which everything else depends, was defined exclusively as 20, and therefore it can be assigned the dimensions that are appropriate.

    However, for the strength of materials the use of absolute units 10 is essential, since the restrictions are essentially dependent on them.

    To reach dimensional criteria that support the definition of an invention, we must combine the geometric and material resistance equations, starting with the definition of the minimum radius of the circular arc of the mirror, which is 15
    R = E · I / M = (E · b · a3 / 12) / ((G + 1/2) · W0 · b · a · L2 / 12) = (E / (G + 1/2) · W0 )) · (A / L) 2
    But in turn the limitation imposed on the maximum voltage must be used through parameter q0, from which it is extracted
    (a / L) 2 = q0 · W0 · a · (G + 1/2) / (2 · E)
    And therefore 20
    R = q0 a / 2
    Of which the thickness of the glass is fixed, which can be written as
    a = 4 · DF / (q0 · COS (A1))
    For the definition of the invention in the laboratory system, which is the real one in construction, it is useful to express the difference in abscissa and ordinates between the focal point and the center of the mirror, which are
    XF = DF · SEN (2 · A1)
    YF = DF · COS (2 · A1)
    The above relationships serve to expose a materialization sample of the invention, which will usually start from knowing the relative position between the focal point 30 and the center of the mirror. It will now be used as an example, DF = 5m, with A1 = 15º (ie 2 · A1 = 30º).
    Regarding the center of the mirror, the focal point coordinates are
    YF = 4.33 m
    XF = -2.5 m 5
    To define the case, a value relative to the maximum mechanical stress must be added, for example q0 = 3500 (which means that the maximum tension is 20 MPa).
    That leads to a thickness of 5.7 mm.
    From the previous equations, L2 = 1.7 is obtained; and therefore L = 1.3 m.
    Since R = 10.35m, the value of the semi-arc 10 is directly deduced by L
    A4 = 0.0626 rad (3.58º); and the arrow of the deformed mirror, DM = 0.02 m
    A4 is also the slope at the end, 0.0626, and the corresponding bending moment is
    M = GWL2 / 12 = 110 N · m
    Logically, the mirror is not horizontal, but its tangent (R10) at the central point 15 is rotated an angle A1 with respect to the horizontal, and falling towards the vertical plane of symmetry, thanks to the differences in height of the supports.

    The invention can be applied to various strips of mirrors, which can fill the half-space on the right, as seen, and symmetrically on the left. twenty

    Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]

    1 - Horizontal rotary device for concentrating solar radiation, which is explained by indicating on a virtual plane of geometric definition, perpendicular to the focal line, the relative position of the elements that make up the invention, with respect to the cut-off point of the aforementioned focal line with said virtual plane, characterized in that the elements of the invention are a set of mirror strips made of a succession of mirror mosaics arranged longitudinally, which remain integral with respect to the rotating platform because each mosaic is held firm in its position by at least four legs in solidarity with the platform, 10 and which in turn hold the mirror in the position and shape specified for each mirror thanks to the anchoring of the mirror frame for each leg, being able to be the frame of any material and configuration that meets the specifications of the mirror in question, which are defined by the prescription ion of the coordinates of the traces of the mirror, these traces being the cut of the three-dimensional body of each 15 strip of mirrors with the virtual plane of geometric definition, already said, and there is another geometric element of the invention, for each mirror, which are the lines of vision, one for each strip of mirrors, the line of sight being the line that joins, in the virtual plane of geometric definition, the midpoint of the trace of the mirror with the cut-off point of the focal line with said plane , also called focal point; The invention consisting in arranging the mirrors in strips parallel to the plane of symmetry where the central point of the image of the solar disk and the focal line are contained, the mirrors being subject to the structure that is also subject to the longitudinally arranged physical elements in the immediate vicinity or around the focal line, as receivers of concentrated solar radiation, each mirror trace 25 being defined relative to the focal point by its central point, with a distance between the two points being the focal length, and a defined line that joins both points and is the line of the visual of the mirror, that in the central point of the trace of the mirror forms an angle, called visual angle, with the vertical line at that point; the line normal to the mirror remaining at said central point as a bisector of said visual angle, the center of curvature remaining in said normal line, which is the center of the circumference to which the circular arc that is the trace of the mirror belongs, and said center of curvature being at a distance from the center point of the mirror trace that is equal to the radius of curvature of the mirror in question, the radius of curvature being twice the focal length divided by the cosine of the half angle of the visual angle; and the thickness of the mirror glass being equal to twice the radius of curvature of the mirror at its midpoint, divided by a safety factor, called q, this safety factor being the ratio between the modulus of elasticity of the mirror glass and the Maximum mechanical stress that is tolerated in the 5 deformed glass.
    2 - Horizontal rotary device for concentrating solar radiation, according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the mirror, which corresponds to the length of the circular arc of its trace, is equal to the square root of 10 a fraction that has as its numerator twice the product of the modulus of elasticity of the glass by its thickness; and by denominator the product of three factors that are, first, the specific weight of the glass; second, the value of the safety factor, called q; and third, a parameter that is the ratio between the maximum bending moment of the case with the specified deformation and the maximum absolute value of the bending moment of the case of recessed supports with the weight itself as the only load.
    3 - Horizontal rotary device for concentrating solar radiation, according to first or second claims, characterized in that the tangent at the midpoint of the trace of a mirror has a positive slope, with respect to the horizontal, 20 when the mirror is at right of the plane of symmetry, which is equal to the tangent of the angle half of the visual angle of the mirror; said negative slope being, but of the same absolute value, when the mirror is on the left side.
    4 - Horizontal rotary device for concentrating solar radiation, according to any of the first, second or third claims, characterized in that the transparent physical substrate of the mirror is selected from glass, methacrylate, polycarbonates, other plastics or other high transparency material .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2578804B2|2017-04-18|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20050225885A1|2002-05-07|2005-10-13|Wright Greg J|Method and apparatus for constructing a perfect trough parabolic reflector|
    US20100218807A1|2009-02-27|2010-09-02|Skywatch Energy, Inc.|1-dimensional concentrated photovoltaic systems|
    US20130100548A1|2011-09-16|2013-04-25|Joseph A. Angelini|Solar radiation collector|
    CN102798968A|2012-08-07|2012-11-28|中国科学技术大学|Sectional type groove type solar energy condenser|
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